{"id":158,"date":"2016-06-26T17:29:38","date_gmt":"2016-06-26T14:29:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/?page_id=158"},"modified":"2021-08-12T14:05:36","modified_gmt":"2021-08-12T11:05:36","slug":"scratch_en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/scratch_en\/","title":{"rendered":"Computer Science Concepts in Scratch"},"content":{"rendered":"<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Michal Armoni and Moti Ben-Ari<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Copyright 2013 by Michal Armoni, Moti Ben-Ari, Weizmann Institute of Science.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit <a title=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/<\/a> or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This book will familiarize you with the Scratch visual programming environment, focusing on using Scratch to learn computer science. The book is structured as a collection of tasks. Each chapter teaches a new concept, but the concept is introduced in order to solve a specific task such as animating dancing images or building a game. Each chapter starts with a simple task, but as soon as we solve one task, we add additional tasks to extend the existing task. The sequence of tasks will require a new construct of Scratch or the use of constructs you know in new ways.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The textbook was written for Scratch 1.4. We have also written a supplement that explains the changes and additional features in Scratch 2.0.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Download<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: ltr;\">The textbook is available in three formats:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"direction: ltr;\">\n<li style=\"direction: ltr;\">with equal margins for screen display and one-sided printing;<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr;\">with margins for two-sided printing and binding in the left margin;<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr;\">with a large font on a small text area that enables better accessibility by magnifying the pdf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: ltr;\">The layout was carefully done for the full-size pages and will be suboptimal in the small format; we have no plans at this time to improve this format or to produce other formats for ereaders.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\">Textbook for Scratch 1.4\u2014version 1.0, 5 May 2013:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: Default Template -->\n\n<div class=\"link-template-default card mb-2\">\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"media\">\n            <div class=\"mr-3 img-48\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wpdm_icon\" alt=\"Icon\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/pdf.svg\" \/><\/div>\n            <div class=\"media-body\">\n                <h3 class=\"package-title\"><a href='https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/download\/scratch-14-textbook-1-0-one-side\/'>scratch-14-textbook-1-0-one-side<\/a><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"text-muted text-small\"><i class=\"fas fa-copy\"><\/i> 1 file(s) <i class=\"fas fa-hdd ml-3\"><\/i> 1.24 MB<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ml-3\">\n                <a class='wpdm-download-link download-on-click btn btn-primary ' rel='nofollow' href='#' data-downloadurl=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/download\/scratch-14-textbook-1-0-one-side\/?wpdmdl=250&refresh=6a316ec4cf6a71781624516\">one-sided<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: Default Template -->\n\n<div class=\"link-template-default card mb-2\">\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"media\">\n            <div class=\"mr-3 img-48\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wpdm_icon\" alt=\"Icon\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/pdf.svg\" \/><\/div>\n            <div class=\"media-body\">\n                <h3 class=\"package-title\"><a href='https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/download\/scratch-14-textbook-1-0-two-side\/'>scratch-14-textbook-1-0-two-side<\/a><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"text-muted text-small\"><i class=\"fas fa-copy\"><\/i> 1 file(s) <i class=\"fas fa-hdd ml-3\"><\/i> 1.24 MB<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ml-3\">\n                <a class='wpdm-download-link download-on-click btn btn-primary ' rel='nofollow' href='#' data-downloadurl=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/download\/scratch-14-textbook-1-0-two-side\/?wpdmdl=256&refresh=6a316ec4d13371781624516\">two-sided<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: Default Template -->\n\n<div class=\"link-template-default card mb-2\">\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"media\">\n            <div class=\"mr-3 img-48\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wpdm_icon\" alt=\"Icon\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/pdf.svg\" \/><\/div>\n            <div class=\"media-body\">\n                <h3 class=\"package-title\"><a href='https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/download\/scratch-14-textbook-1-0-small\/'>scratch-14-textbook-1-0-small<\/a><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"text-muted text-small\"><i class=\"fas fa-copy\"><\/i> 1 file(s) <i class=\"fas fa-hdd ml-3\"><\/i> 1.27 MB<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ml-3\">\n                <a class='wpdm-download-link download-on-click btn btn-primary ' rel='nofollow' href='#' data-downloadurl=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/download\/scratch-14-textbook-1-0-small\/?wpdmdl=252&refresh=6a316ec4d23591781624516\">small format<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\">Supplement for Scratch 2.0\u2014version 1.0, 23 May 2013 (<a title=\"one-sided, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"http:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/04\/scratch-20-supplement-1-0-one-side.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one-sided<\/a>, <a title=\"two-sided, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"http:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/04\/scratch-20-supplement-1-0-two-side.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two-sided<\/a>, <a title=\"small format, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"http:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/04\/scratch-20-supplement-1-0-small.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">small format<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\"><a title=\"Scratch projects accompanying the textbook, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dropbox.com\/s\/n6891y9szgi514b\/scratch-projects-english-1-0.zip?dl=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scratch projects accompanying the textbook<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\"><a title=\"Costumes for Scratch projects accompanying the textbook, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dropbox.com\/s\/vsiqtyizd147f0a\/scratch-costumes-english-1-0.zip?dl=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Costumes for Scratch projects accompanying the textbook<\/a>.<br \/>\nThis is to enable the instructor to give the students the costumes without revealing the source code of the projects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Our other learning materials for Scratch<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Moti has created many Scratch projects that can be used as learning materials:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\">Implementations of the activities of <a title=\"Computer Science Unplugged, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"http:\/\/csunplugged.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Computer Science Unplugged<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\">Projects on robotics: implementations of Karel the Robot and Braintenberg's vehicles, projects for the LEDO WeDO kit, and simulations of the <a title=\"Thymio, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thymio.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thymio<\/a> education robot.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\">A game for learning mathematics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">You can find the Scratch projects on the <a title=\"MIT Scratch website, will be opened in new tab\" href=\"https:\/\/scratch.mit.edu\/users\/MotiB\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MIT Scratch website.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Research publications<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1999747.1999796\">Meerbaum-Salant, O., Armoni, M., &amp; Ben-Ari, M. (2011). Habits of programming in Scratch. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual SIGCSE Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1999747.1999796\">Science Education, (ITiCSE11, Darmstadt, Germany), 168-172.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08993408.2013.832022\">Meerbaum-Salant, O., Armoni, M., &amp; Ben-Ari, M. (2013). Learning Computer Science Concepts with Scratch. Computer Science Education, 23(3), 239-264.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2677087\">Armoni, M., Meerbaum-Salant, O., &amp; Ben-Ari, M. (2015). From Scratch to \u201cReal\u201d Programming. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 14(4), 25:1-15.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2978249.2978261\">Statter, D., &amp; Armoni. M. (2016). Teaching abstract thinking in introduction to computer science for 7th graders. In Proceedings of the 11th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (WiPSCE2016, M\u00fcnster, Germany), 80-83.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3137065.3137081\">Statter, D., &amp; Armoni. M. (2017). Learning abstraction in computer science: a gender perspective. In Proceedings of the 12th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (WiPSCE2017, Nijmegen, the Netherlands), 5-14.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3372143\">Statter, D, and Armoni, M. (2020). Teaching Abstraction in Computer Science to 7th Grade Students. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 20(1), 8:1-37<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Questionnaires used in the research described in paper 2:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/07\/pre_test.pdf\">pre-questionnaire<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/07\/interim.pdf\">interim test<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/07\/post_test.pdf\">final test<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Questionnaires used in the research described in papers 4-6:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/05\/pretest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pre-test<\/a><strong>, \u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/07\/finalTest2015.pdf\">post-test 2015<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/07\/finalTest2016.pdf\">post-test 2016<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/\">Hebrew language website<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Contact:<\/strong> Please send comments and suggestions to\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:michal.armoni@weizmann.ac.il\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">michal.armoni@weizmann.ac.il<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Michal Armoni and Moti Ben-Ari Copyright 2013 by Michal Armoni, Moti Ben-Ari, Weizmann Institute of Science. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/ or send a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/scratch\/scratch_en\/\">\u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&larr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-158","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Michal Armoni and Moti Ben-Ari Copyright 2013 by Michal Armoni, Moti Ben-Ari, Weizmann Institute of Science. 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