מרגע שנכנס המזון לפה, מתחילה מערכת העיכול לפעול לפירוקו באמצעות הפרשת רוק, לעיסה ובליעה.<\/p>\n
מבנה השן<\/a><\/strong>: השיניים הן למעשה חלק ממרכיבי השלד שעברו שינוי. הן נמצאות בחלל הפה.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2016\/09\/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%94-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%98-%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA.docx\">גרסה נגישה לפעילות<\/a><\/p>\n<p>שן ראשונה צומחת בגיל 6 – 8 חודשים. עד גיל 12 רוב <strong>שיני החלב<\/strong> מתחלפות בשיניים קבועות. בפה בוגר מצויות 32 "<strong>שיניים קבועות<\/strong>".<\/p>\n<p><strong>פעולת הלעיסה מביאה להקטנת חלקי המזון ומגרה את בלוטות הרוק להפריש רוק.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>הרוק נוצר ומופרש מבלוטות הרוק. הרוק מכיל מים, אלקטרוליטיים (למשל יוני נתרן ואשלגן), וריר, וכל אלה משמשים להרטבה ולריכוך המזון, ומסייעים במעבר המזון לאורך צינור העיכול. בהיעדר רוק לא ניתן לבלוע מזון יבש.<\/p>\n<p>נוסף ל<strong>פעילותו המכנית<\/strong> של הפה, הנובעת מתהליך הלעיסה, בפה מתחיל תהליך <strong>פירוק ראשוני של רב-סוכרים<\/strong> כמו <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/glossary#a34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">עמילן<\/a> על ידי <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/glossary#a47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">אנזימים<\/a> המצויים ברוק. בגלל קוצר הזמן שבו המזון שוהה בפה רוב העמילן שבמזון אינו מספיק להתפרק בפה ועובר לקיבה ומשם לתריסריון ולמעי הדק להמשך תהליך העיכול.<\/p>\n<p>לרוק יש גם תפקיד חשוב בשמירה על <strong>בריאות הפה<\/strong>. הוא שוטף בהתמדה את חלל הפה ומונע הצטברות חיידקים. אחרי הלעיסה המזון נבלע ומוכנס לוושט.<\/p>\n<h2>הוושט<\/h2>\n<p>צינור שרירי, באורך כ-23 ס"מ, שמתחיל בלוע ומסתיים בקיבה. פעולת הבליעה מתחילה באופן רצוני ומסתיימת כתגובה בלתי רצונית, המתואמת היטב עם פעולת הנשימה. בשעת הבליעה נסגר פתחו של קנה הנשימה, המצוי סמוך ללוע, כך שהמזון יכול להיכנס אך ורק לוושט. במקרים בהם קנה הנשימה אינו נסגר בזמן בעת הבליעה, ומזון חודר לקנה הנשימה (לדוגמה, כאשר משוחחים בזמן הסעודה), ניתן גירוי להתחלת שיעול המביא לפליטת המזון מקנה הנשימה החוצה.<\/p>\n<p>בדופן הוושט, מצויים שרירים משורטטים (<strong>רצוניים<\/strong>) ושרירים טבעתיים (<strong>בלתי רצוניים<\/strong>). פעולת השרירים הזאת היא הגורם העיקרי <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/glossary#a37\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">הדוחף את חומרי המזון<\/a> מן הלוע לעבר הקיבה. שרירי הוושט ממשיכים בתנועות ההתכווצות עד שהמזון כולו עובר את שריר סגר הוושט התחתון, המפריד בין הוושט לקיבה, ונכנס לקיבה.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-370 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2016\/09\/ESOFAGUS.gif\" alt=\"איור של השרירים בוושט\" width=\"197\" height=\"192\"\/><\/p>\n<p>עיכול המזון הוא מתפקידם של שאר חלקי מערכת העיכול, שאפשר להכלילם במושג הכללי "<a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/glossary#a27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">צינור העיכול<\/a>".<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d4\u05e4\u05d4 \u05de\u05e8\u05d2\u05e2 \u05e9\u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e4\u05d4, \u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05e8\u05d5\u05e7,\u00a0\u05dc\u05e2\u05d9\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4. \u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e9\u05df:\u00a0\u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05df \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u00a0\u05de\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05d3 \u05e9\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9.\u00a0\u05d4\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05dc\u05dc \u05d4\u05e4\u05d4. \u05d2\u05e8\u05e1\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05df \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05de\u05d7\u05ea \u05d1\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc 6 – 8 \u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc … <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/chapter6-2\/\">\u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4 <span class=\"meta-nav\">←<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u05d4\u05e4\u05d4 \u05de\u05e8\u05d2\u05e2 \u05e9\u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05d5\u05df 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<\/p>\n
<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2016\/09\/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%94-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%98-%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA.docx\">גרסה נגישה לפעילות<\/a><\/p>\n<p>שן ראשונה צומחת בגיל 6 – 8 חודשים. עד גיל 12 רוב <strong>שיני החלב<\/strong> מתחלפות בשיניים קבועות. בפה בוגר מצויות 32 "<strong>שיניים קבועות<\/strong>".<\/p>\n<p><strong>פעולת הלעיסה מביאה להקטנת חלקי המזון ומגרה את בלוטות הרוק להפריש רוק.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>הרוק נוצר ומופרש מבלוטות הרוק. הרוק מכיל מים, אלקטרוליטיים (למשל יוני נתרן ואשלגן), וריר, וכל אלה משמשים להרטבה ולריכוך המזון, ומסייעים במעבר המזון לאורך צינור העיכול. בהיעדר רוק לא ניתן לבלוע מזון יבש.<\/p>\n<p>נוסף ל<strong>פעילותו המכנית<\/strong> של הפה, הנובעת מתהליך הלעיסה, בפה מתחיל תהליך <strong>פירוק ראשוני של רב-סוכרים<\/strong> כמו <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/glossary#a34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">עמילן<\/a> על ידי <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/glossary#a47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">אנזימים<\/a> המצויים ברוק. בגלל קוצר הזמן שבו המזון שוהה בפה רוב העמילן שבמזון אינו מספיק להתפרק בפה ועובר לקיבה ומשם לתריסריון ולמעי הדק להמשך תהליך העיכול.<\/p>\n<p>לרוק יש גם תפקיד חשוב בשמירה על <strong>בריאות הפה<\/strong>. הוא שוטף בהתמדה את חלל הפה ומונע הצטברות חיידקים. אחרי הלעיסה המזון נבלע ומוכנס לוושט.<\/p>\n<h2>הוושט<\/h2>\n<p>צינור שרירי, באורך כ-23 ס"מ, שמתחיל בלוע ומסתיים בקיבה. פעולת הבליעה מתחילה באופן רצוני ומסתיימת כתגובה בלתי רצונית, המתואמת היטב עם פעולת הנשימה. בשעת הבליעה נסגר פתחו של קנה הנשימה, המצוי סמוך ללוע, כך שהמזון יכול להיכנס אך ורק לוושט. במקרים בהם קנה הנשימה אינו נסגר בזמן בעת הבליעה, ומזון חודר לקנה הנשימה (לדוגמה, כאשר משוחחים בזמן הסעודה), ניתן גירוי להתחלת שיעול המביא לפליטת המזון מקנה הנשימה החוצה.<\/p>\n<p>בדופן הוושט, מצויים שרירים משורטטים (<strong>רצוניים<\/strong>) ושרירים טבעתיים (<strong>בלתי רצוניים<\/strong>). פעולת השרירים הזאת היא הגורם העיקרי <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/glossary#a37\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">הדוחף את חומרי המזון<\/a> מן הלוע לעבר הקיבה. שרירי הוושט ממשיכים בתנועות ההתכווצות עד שהמזון כולו עובר את שריר סגר הוושט התחתון, המפריד בין הוושט לקיבה, ונכנס לקיבה.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-370 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2016\/09\/ESOFAGUS.gif\" alt=\"איור של השרירים בוושט\" width=\"197\" height=\"192\"\/><\/p>\n<p>עיכול המזון הוא מתפקידם של שאר חלקי מערכת העיכול, שאפשר להכלילם במושג הכללי "<a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/glossary#a27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">צינור העיכול<\/a>".<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d4\u05e4\u05d4 \u05de\u05e8\u05d2\u05e2 \u05e9\u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e4\u05d4, \u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05e8\u05d5\u05e7,\u00a0\u05dc\u05e2\u05d9\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4. \u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e9\u05df:\u00a0\u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05df \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u00a0\u05de\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05d3 \u05e9\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9.\u00a0\u05d4\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05dc\u05dc \u05d4\u05e4\u05d4. \u05d2\u05e8\u05e1\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05df \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05de\u05d7\u05ea \u05d1\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc 6 – 8 \u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc … <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/nutrition\/chapter6-2\/\">\u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4 <span class=\"meta-nav\">←<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u05d4\u05e4\u05d4 \u05de\u05e8\u05d2\u05e2 \u05e9\u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e4\u05d4, \u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea 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מרגע שנכנס המזון לפה, מתחילה מערכת העיכול לפעול לפירוקו באמצעות הפרשת רוק, לעיסה ובליעה.<\/p>\nמרגע שנכנס המזון לפה, מתחילה מערכת העיכול לפעול לפירוקו באמצעות הפרשת רוק, לעיסה ובליעה.<\/p>\n