{"id":752,"date":"2016-08-09T15:31:27","date_gmt":"2016-08-09T12:31:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/?p=752"},"modified":"2017-02-14T15:01:13","modified_gmt":"2017-02-14T13:01:13","slug":"%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%aa%d7%9c%d7%a9%d7%9c%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%99%d7%a1%d7%98%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a9-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%a0%d7%a8%d7%92%d7%99%d7%99%d7%aa-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%aa%d7%9c%d7%a9%d7%9c%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%99%d7%a1%d7%98%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a9-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%a0%d7%a8%d7%92%d7%99%d7%99%d7%aa-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05dc\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05dd, \u05de\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e6\u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #8000ff\"><strong>\u05d4\u05d7\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 18<\/strong><\/span>, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc \u05d1\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9, \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea<span style=\"color: #800040\"><strong> \u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05d6 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4<\/strong><\/span>, \u05d5\u05d4\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #8000ff\">\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1767<\/span><\/strong> \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4 <span style=\"color: #804000\"><strong>\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc<\/strong><\/span>, \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Horace de Saussure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05df \u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e2\u05dc \u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d4, \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u05e0\u05d8:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/solarcooking.org\/saussure.htm\">http:\/\/solarcooking.org\/saussure.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 &quot;<strong><span style=\"color: #008000\">\u05e7\u05d5\u05e4\u05e1\u05d0 \u05d7\u05de\u05d4<\/span><\/strong>&quot;.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #8000ff\">\u05d1\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e9\u05e2 \u05e2\u05e9\u05e8\u05d4<\/span> <\/strong>\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05d4&quot;\u05d1, \u05d1\u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05de\u05ea\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05e9\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e2\u05dc \u05de\u05e0\u05ea \u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e8\u05d7\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #8000ff\">\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1880<\/span><\/strong> \u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05e9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05e2\u05df John Ericsson \u05db\u05de\u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05de\u05e9, \u05d5\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e4\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #8000ff\"><strong>\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1878<\/strong><\/span>, \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05ea\u05de\u05d8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4: <strong><span style=\"color: #804000\">\u05d0\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05e9\u05d5<\/span> <\/strong>(<strong><span style=\"color: #804000\">Augustin Mouchot<\/span><\/strong>), \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05d6 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 (\u05d1\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4), \u05dc\u05d4\u05e4\u05e7\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4, \u05dc\u05d4\u05e0\u05e2\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-753\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/08\/AugustinMouchotCollector2.jpg\" alt=\"\u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05d6 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e4\u05e7\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e0\u05e2\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\" width=\"323\" height=\"247\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 35 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, <span style=\"color: #8000ff\"><strong>\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1913<\/strong><\/span>, \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<span style=\"color: #804000\"> <strong>\u05e4\u05e8\u05e0\u05e7 \u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05df<\/strong> <\/span>(<span style=\"color: #804000\"><strong>Frank Shuman<\/strong><\/span>) \u05de\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d3\u05dc\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d0\u05ea <strong><span style=\"color: #804000\">\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/strong> (\u05d1\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-754\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/08\/FrankShumanCollector1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd\" width=\"329\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/08\/FrankShumanCollector1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/08\/FrankShumanCollector1.jpg 462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05d7\u05e0\u05ea \u05db\u05d5\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d2\u05dd <span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>\u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d7\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e1\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d2\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc<\/strong><\/span>, \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05db\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d8\u05d7 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e2 \u05e9\u05e6\u05dc\u05e2\u05d5 250 \u05e7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d4\u05e8\u05d4, \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7 \u05dc\u05d0\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #8000ff\"><strong>\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1909<\/strong><\/span> \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05df \u05e4\u05d8\u05e0\u05d8, \u05e2\u05dc \u05de\u05d7\u05de\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e1\u05e1 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05de\u05e9, \u05dc William J. Bailly.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%9F-%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1297\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/08\/Buttons_Previous5bCircle5d-e1471853346135.png\" alt=\"\u05dc\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05dd \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05db\u05d0\u05df\" width=\"96\" height=\"35\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%90%D7%AA-%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1192 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/08\/Buttons_Next-5bSquare5d-e1471853369695.png\" alt=\"\u05dc\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05db\u05d0\u05df\" width=\"96\" height=\"35\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05dd, \u05de\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e6\u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 18, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc \u05d1\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9, \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05d6 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d4\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9. \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1767 \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc, \u05e2\u05dc &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%aa%d7%9c%d7%a9%d7%9c%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%99%d7%a1%d7%98%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a9-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%a0%d7%a8%d7%92%d7%99%d7%99%d7%aa-2\/\">\u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&larr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-27"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/752"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=752"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/752\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2857,"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/752\/revisions\/2857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/energy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}